Fitness landscape

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In evolutionary biology, a fitness landscape maps the relationship between genetic variation and survival. Imagine a three-dimensional terrain: peaks represent combinations of traits that help an organism thrive; valleys represent combinations that don’t. Evolution climbs this surface through incremental selection, moving uphill one small step at a time.

See also: Mountain climbing, Tipping point, Crossroads, Hole, Bottleneck, Escape velocity, Decision tree.